Mental Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Panic Disorder
Presence of recurrent, unexpected panic attacks followed by at least 1 month of persistent worry about having another. Symptoms: palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, fear of losing control or dying, paresthesias, chills or heat waves.
Specific Phobia
Clinically significant anxiety provoked by exposure to a specific, feared object or situation, often leading to avoidance behavior.
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Clinically significant anxiety provoked by exposure to social or performance situations involving possible scrutiny by others, often leading to avoidance.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessions (recurrent, intrusive thoughts) and/or compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts) that cause distress, are time-consuming, or interfere with daily life.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Reliving an extremely traumatic event, with symptoms of heightened reaction and avoidance of trauma-associated stimuli.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
At least 6 months of excessive and persistent anxiety and worry about various events. Symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance.
Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and disturbance in self-perception of weight or shape.
Bulimia Nervosa
Recurrent episodes of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise) at least once a week for 3 months. Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight.
Binge-Eating Disorder
Recurrent episodes of eating unusually large amounts of food in a short period, with a sense of lack of control, associated with distress and at least three specific behaviors.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Inattention
Six or more symptoms persisting for at least 6 months: fails to give close attention, difficulty sustaining attention, does not listen, does not follow through, difficulty organizing, avoids tasks requiring effort, loses things, easily distracted, forgetful.
Hyperactivity and Impulsivity
Six or more symptoms persisting for at least 6 months: fidgets, leaves seat, runs/climbs inappropriately, unable to play quietly, "on the go", talks excessively, blurts out answers, difficulty waiting turn, interrupts.
Mood Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
Depressed mood most of the day, loss of interest or pleasure, weight/appetite changes, sleep disturbance, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, diminished concentration, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years. Symptoms: poor appetite/overeating, insomnia/hypersomnia, low energy, low self-esteem, poor concentration, hopelessness.
Bipolar I Disorder
Manic and depressive episodes. Mania: elevated/irritable mood, decreased need for sleep, talkativeness, racing thoughts, distractibility, increased activity, risky behaviors.
Bipolar II Disorder
Presence of a major depressive episode and a hypomanic episode, with significant distress or impairment.
Cyclothymic Disorder
At least 2 years with multiple hypomanic and depressive episodes, not symptom-free for more than 2 consecutive months.
Schizophrenia
Characteristic Symptoms
Two or more of the following for a significant portion of 1 month (at least one must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech): delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized/catatonic behavior, negative symptoms. Marked decline in functioning.